Scholars of this camp also cite many other literary descriptions of the abaci as evidence. They cited the note of a Yuan Writer named Tao Zongyi, who portrayed in his book that “unlike the newly-bought servants, the experienced ones were just like abacus beads they wouldn’t move unless you poked them to.” The analogy demonstrated that the using of the abacus was probably very common at that time. (2) The method of operation of the ancient Chinese abacus was remarkably similar to the ancient Roman method. There was keen competition between the two from the introduction of the Algebra into Europe in the 12th century until its triumph in the 16th. (1) The original Chinese abacus has a striking resemblance in construction to the Roman grooved abacus, as is evident in the foregoing quotation from Hsu Yo’s book, e.g., four one-unit counters and one five-unit counter in each column. The woodcut shows Arithmetica instructing an algorist and an abacist (inaccurately represented as Boethius and Pythagoras ). Then there came a second camp who believed that the abacus was invented in the middle period of the Yuan Dynasty (1206AD-1368AD) and became widely used in early Ming Dynasty (1368AD-1644AD). A Chinese abacus Calculating-Table by Gregor Reisch: Margarita Philosophica, 1503. But other scholars disapproved this assertion by classifying the mentioned tool as a gadget used only for addition and subtraction. ![]() In this book, Xu recorded fourteen ways of calculation, among which there was a description of a way of computation by moving beads within three beams. Their proof was the book A Gleaning of Arithmetic (Shu Shu Ji Yi) by the mathematician Xu Yue (?-220AD). Firstly, starting in the Qing Dynasty, a group of people advocated that there had been documents on abaci since the Han Dynasty (202BC-220AD).
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